Footnotes 1-10: William Wiecek, "Chapter 11: Radical Constitutional Antislavery:  The Imagined Past, the Remembered Future" in The Source of Antislavery Constitutionalism in America, (Cornell University Press: 1977)

<fn1> [*249] Lewis B. Namier, "Symmetry and Repetition," in Conflicts: Studies in Contemporary History (London: Macmillian, 1942), 70.

<fn2> [*250] [William Goodell], Address Read at the New-York State Liberty Convention, Held at Port Byron, on Wednesday and Thursday, July 25, and 26, 1845 (Albany:  Patriot, [18451).

<fn3> [*250] "Call for a National Nominating Convention," reprinted in Birney Letters, 11, 1047-1057.

<fn4> [*250] Address of the Macedon Convention by William Goodell; and Letters of Gerrit Smith (Albany: S. W. Green, 1847).

<fn5> [*251] Nomenclature is misleading here.  Neither the Liberty Party Abolitionists of 1848 nor the National Liberty party of 1852 should be confused with the Liberty party, which went out of existence after its 1848 merger in the Free Soil party.

<fn6> [*251] Address of the Free Constitutionalists to the People of the United States (Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860), 53, 41.

<fn7> [*252] Proceedings of the Convention of Radical Political Abolitionists, Held at Syracuse, N.Y., June 26th, 27th, and 28th, 1855.  Slavery an Outlaw- And Forbidden by the Constitution, Which Provides for Its Abolition (New York: Central Abolition Board, 1855), "call" of convention and pp. 42-43

<fn8> [*252] Quoted in Larry Gara, "Slavery and the Slave Power: A Crucial Distinction," Civil War History, 15 (1969), 5-18 at 5.

<fn9> [*252] John Parrish, Remarks on the Slavery of the Black People; Addressed to the Citizens of the United States, Particularly to Those Who Are in Legislative or Executive Stations in the General or State Governments ... (Philadelphia: Kimber, Conrad, 1806), 30-31; Torrey, Portraiture of Domestic Slavery, 59; Duncan, Treatise on Slavery, 30, 53.

<fn10> [*253] Fourth Annual Report of the American Anti-Slavery Society, 116-117; an excerpt from the black abolitionists essay, first printed in the Colored American, was reprinted in Friend of Man, 23 Aug. 1837.

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